CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
CHAPTER 1
1.0
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS.
KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS.
Conifers- Plants whose seeds are not enclosed in ovaries
Gymnosperms- these are cone bearing plants
Resins-chemical produced by conifers and help it defend itself from
fungal and insects
Monocots- are types of angiosperms which has one cotyledon/seed leaf
Dicots- are types of angiosperms with two cotyledons/seed leaf
Biennals- these are angiosperms which grows in seasons
Perennials- are plants which live for many years
1.1
KINGDOM PLANTAE.
Consists
of green plants capable of making own food. It is divided into four divisions;
Bryophyte
Pteridophyta
Coniferophyta
Angiospermophyta
Divisio oniferophyta-conifers
General
and distinctive features of conifers
Are cone
bearing plants
They
contain xylem and phloem
They bear
seeds
Sexual
reproduction is well defined and most are terrestrial
They have
well define root system, stems and leaves
They have
naked seeds
They lack
flowers
Examples
include the pines, cedar juniper tree and spruce.
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They
have thick and scaly barks and lack flowers and fruits |
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The
male cones produce pollen which is transferred by wind to the female cone,
which has ovules containing female gametes. |
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Fertilization
occurs when the pollen meets the ovules. |
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Advantages
of division coniferophyta. |
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They
are good source of timber |
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They
are a source of food for insects |
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Pines
are source of useful chemical substances such as resins used as turpentine |
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They
are also ornamental plants sometimes grown for beautification |
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Disadvantages
of coniferophyta |
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Pines
have extensive roots that dry up the soil affecting growth of other plants |
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The
needle like leaves can prick and cause pain and injury |
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ivisio |
ngiosperm
ophyta |
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General
distinctive features.
They are
flowering plants, majority of them terrestrial
Fertilization
is preceded by growth of pollen tube
Have well
developed root system, stem and leaves
Their
seeds are protected by ovary
Vascular
bundle is well developed
It has
two classes; monocotyledonae
and dicotyledonae
Monocotyledonae.
This
includes plants like maize, sugarcane, wheat, millet, sisal and banana
They have the following
characteristics;
Leaves
are long and narrow
The
leaves have parallel venation
They have
fibrous root system
The seed
embryo has one cotyledon
The stem
has no pith
The
floral parts are in three or multiples of three
They lack
vascular cambium
Each leaf
has a sheath that supports it on the stem
Class dicotyledonae.
They
include plants like, beans, mangoes, black jack, jacaranda, coffee, and
eucalyptus
They show the following
characteristics.
The
leaves are broad and rounded
The
leaves have a network venation
They have
tap-roots system
Embryo
has two cotyledons
Has pith
in its stems
The
floral parts are in four or five or multiples of these
The
vascular cambium is present in both roots and stems, thus has secondary growth
Each leaf
has petiole that supports it on the stem
Advantages
of division angiospermophyta
i.
They are major source of human food
ii.
They are a source of timber and wood
iii.
Some have medicinal value
iv.
They are grown for beautification and shades in
homes
v.
They act as wind breakers and in reduction of soil
erosion.
Disadvantages
of division angiospermophyta.
ii. Some have thorns
that prick to cause injury and othersHu arebApp
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Table 1.1
Differences between monocots and dicots.
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Members
of division coniferophyta have cones and needle- like leaves. They include conifers,
pines, cedar and cypress.
Cone
bearing plants are also called gymnosperms
Conifers
reproduce at very high rate thus dwarfing the development of other plants
Division
angiospermophyta has two classes namely; monocotyledonae and dicotyledonous.
Members
of class monocotyledon, fibrous root system and leaves with parallel venation.
Members
of class dicotyledonae have seeds with one cotyledon, tap root systems and
leaves with netted venation.
Angiosperms
provides food for most organisms in the environment
One
disadvantage of angiosperm is that, they cannot withstand very harsh climatic
conditions, which general destroys them.
1.4 END
OF TOPIC QUESTIONS.
1. (a)
Describe the major type of classification
(b) Work out
the distinctive features of the coniferophyta division.
2.
(i) What is classification?
(ii) State
three distinctive features of the kingdom plantae
(iii) What is
meant by the term “Sporophyte”.
(iv) briefly
explain the adaptations of plants into different environment.
3.
a) Mention the names of two classes under the
Angiospermophyta Division.
b) In
question 3(a) above outline the distinctive a features of the two classes
mentioned.
4.
a) Mention the name of a shrub or tree that bear
cones.
b) Draw to scale two cones – one male and the other female of a named tree.
( i) What cone is much large? Give reasons.
(ii) Why at
maturity the male can produces yellow powder? Mention the biological
terminology used
5.
Work out an essay on distinctive features of
members under the coniferophyta division
Cones
to denote the yellow powder.
by using the following
guidelines.
Needlelike
leaves
Long
trees
Seeds are
naked.
6.
How does monocotyledon differ from dicotyledonous
plants?
Monocotyledon Dicotyledonous
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
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7. phonOutline |
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the |
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8. What are
four (4) distinctive characteristics of pines?
9. What are
the economic importance of Angiosperms.
10. Explain
the distinctive features of the division coniferophyta.
11. Draw a
well labeled pine tree with its fruits.
12. What is
the advantage of conifers having needlelike leaves
13. What are the characteristic differences between monocotyledonae and dicotyledonae
classes?
TOPICAL
EXAM INATION BIOS FORM THREE
KINGDOM PLANTAE.
SECTION A.
1.
Which of the following does not belong to kingdom
plantae
A.
Bryophytes
B.
Pteridophytes
C.
Basidiomycotes
D.
Angiospermaphytes
2.
Identify the wrong statement about monocots
A.
Have taproots
B.
Have parallel venation
C.
Floral parts are in three or multiple of three
D.
Lacks pith on the stem
3.
Which statement is true about dicots?
A.
Has one cotyledon
B.
Has cambium in stem and roots
C.
Floral parts are in four or six and their multiples
D.
Leaves are narrow and flat
4.
Which of the following is not a distinguishing
feature of pine?
A. leaves
B.
Male and female parts on the same plant
C.
Lack flowers and fruits
D.
Their seeds are well covered
5.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of
conifers?
A.
Are source of timber
B.
Are source fungus in soil
C.
Add manure to the soil
D.
Extensive root system affect other plants
6.
Which statement is true about monocot root and
stem?
A. Vascular
bundles forms a star shape
B. Have
pericycle and cambium
C. BOTH has
pith
D.
In stem, the vascular bundle are
scattered while in roots they form a ring. 7. Which of the following is not a
dicot?
A. Banana
B. Coffee
C. Tea
D. Eucalyptus
8. Which of the following is
not an advantage of angiosperms?
9. Whichof thefollowingisancharacteristicof
A. Have
chloroplast
B. Have
vascular bundles
C. All members
can photosynthesize
D. They
produce asexually
10. In dicot root, the vascular bundles are arranged in such a way that; A.
They form a ring
B. They are scattered C. They form a star D. They appear random
2.
MATCHING ITEM QUESTIONS.
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LIST A |
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LIST B |
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A. |
Dicot
root |
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B. |
Dicot
root and stem |
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i. |
Dominant
species in bryophyte |
C. |
Monocotyledon |
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D. |
Dicotyledon |
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ii. |
Green pigment responsible for photosynthesis |
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E. |
Vascular
bundles |
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iii. |
Xylem
and phloem |
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F. |
Prop
roots |
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iv. |
One
cotyledon |
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G. |
Adventitious
roots |
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v. |
Two
cotyledons |
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H. |
Conipherophyta |
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vi. |
Roots
used for support in monocots |
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I. |
Angiospermophytes |
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vii. |
Xylem
and phloem alternate |
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J. |
Monocot
root |
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viii. |
Flower
bearing plants |
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K. |
Monocot
stem |
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ix. |
Cone
bearing plants |
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L. |
Sporophyte |
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x. |
Contain
cambium |
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M. |
Gametophyte |
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N. |
Chlorophyll |
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O. |
Chloroplast. |
SECTION B.
3. Describe
five distinctive features of kingdom plantae
4. a)
Mention two members of division coniferophyta
b) State the
distinctive features of conifers
5. a)
Briefly explain how fertilization takes place in conifers
b) Outline
the advantages and disadvantages of confers
6. Using
well labeled diagrams, show the differences between monocots and dicots
7.
Explain using diagrams the differences in the
arrangement of vascular bundles in monocots and dicots
8.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
division angiospermophyta.
9. a) What
is alternation of generation?
b) Explain
how alternation of generation takes place in bryophytes.
10. Write an
essay on economic importance of kingdom plantae
1.6
QUESTIONS AND ANSW ER SECTION.
Q. 1. (a)
Mention four division of kingdom plantae
(b) Give member of i) Bryophyte
ii)
Filicinophyta
2.
Differentiate between Bryophytes and filicinophyta
3. Define
alternation of generation
4. What
are characteristics of conifers?
5. Give advantages and disadvantages of conifers A. 1. a) Division of
kingdom plantae
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b) - Bryophytes are mosses, liverworts,
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Filicinophytes are ferns
2. Bryophytes
show alteration of generation in which the dominate spaces is gametophyte the
dominant spaces is sporophyte.
3. Alternation
of generation is existence of organism in two forms, which alternate to
complete a life cycle
4. Characteristic
of conifers
Most are
trees with needle shaped leaves.
Reproductive
structure is cone
Ovules
are naked.
Dominant
generation is sporophyte
Majority
are evergreen
Found in
areas with cool climate.
(f)
Advantages and disadvantages of conifers
They are
used for timber making soft wood
Used in
building industry.
Useful in
paper making.
Used as
telegraph poles since they are long.
The
timber is easily destroyed by termites
Cause
displacement of natural vegetation and populations
Q a) Give
the general features of
angiospermatophyta.
b) Different
between monocots and dicots
c) Give
advantage of Angiosperms.
A Feature
of angiosperms
Their
reproductive structure are flowers.
Ovules
are enclosed in ovary
They vary
greatly in form size and habitat.
Have
development root leaves and stems.
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1. |
(b) |
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Monocots |
Dicots |
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i. |
Have
fibrious root system |
i. |
Have
tap root system. |
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ii. |
Have
leaves with parallel Venations |
ii. |
Leave
have net venation |
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iii. |
Floral parts are in 3 or multiples of three. |
iii. |
Floral parts are in four or five or their multiples. |
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iv. |
Vascular
bundles are scattered in stem |
iv. |
Vascular
bundles are arranged to form a ring. |
(c )
Advantages of Angiosperms
Several
are cultivated for timber- produce hard wood
Many
plants have medicinal value
Are
source of paper
Cotton is
grown to make clothes
Are
source of food
Beautify
the environment
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